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Georgisk Skraft

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Mchedruli - Letters No Longer Used or Not in Georgian
Konsonant Nööm Ütjspriik (RTSG) Ütjspriik (IPA) Bispal Klas
At began
faan’t silbe
At aanj
faan’t silbe
At began
faan’t silbe
At aanj
faan’t silbe
Wurd Ütjspriik (IPA) Bedüüding
[kɔː] k k [k] [k] ໄກ່ kāi han madel
- - - [kʰ], [x] [k] ໄຂ່ kʰāi ai huuch
- - - [kʰ], [x] [k] ຄວາຍ kʰʷáːj weederbüfel jip
- - - - - ງູ ŋúː slaang jip
- - - - - ຈອກ - madel
- - - - - ເສືອ - huuch
- - - - - ຊ້າງ - jip
- - - - - ຍຸງ - jip
- - - - - ເດັກ - madel
- - - - - ຕາ - madel
- - - - - - huuch
- - - - - - jip
Konsonant Nööm Ütjspriik Bispal Klas
At began
faan’t silbe
At aanj
faan’t silbe
Wurd Ütjspriik Bedüüding
ʔaʔ2 ' ' ᦀᦇᦳᧃ ʔangun4 drüüw huuch
ʔa:4 ' ' ᦁᦱᦌᦱ ʔaa4saa4 hingst jip
kaʔ2 ' ' ᦺᦂᧈ kaj2 han huuch
khaʔ2 ' ' ᦺᦃᧈ khaj2 ai huuch
ngaʔ2 ' ' - - huuch

Thai Wokaalen

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Wokaal Nööm Ferbinjing
Thai IPA Thai IPA
วิสรรชนีย์ [wi˦˥.san˩˩˦.t͡ɕʰa˦˥.niː˧] สระอะ [sa˨˩.ra˨˩.ʔaʔ˨˩] ◌ะ; ◌ัวะ; เ◌ะ; เ◌อะ; เ◌าะ; เ◌ียะ; เ◌ือะ; แ◌ะ; โ◌ะ
◌ั ไม้หันอากาศ [maːj˦˥ han˩˩˦ ʔaː˧.kaːt̚˨˩] ◌ั◌; ◌ัว; ◌ัวะ
◌็ ไม้ไต่คู้ [maːj˦˥ taj˨˩ kʰuː˥˩] ◌็; ◌็อ◌; เ◌็◌; แ◌็◌

TBC

Teeken ISO IPA Teeken ISO IPA Teeken ISO IPA Teeken ISO IPA Teeken ISO IPA
𑀓 ka /k/ 𑀔 kha /kʰ/ 𑀕 ga /g/ 𑀖 gha /ɡʱ/ 𑀗 ṅa /ŋ/
𑀘 ca /c/ 𑀙 cha /cʰ/ 𑀚 ja /ɟ/ 𑀛 jha /ɟʱ/ 𑀜 ña /ɲ/
𑀝 ṭa /ʈ/ 𑀞 ṭha /ʈʰ/ 𑀟 ḍa /ɖ/ 𑀠 ḍha /ɖʱ/ 𑀡 ṇa /ɳ/
𑀢 ta /t̪/ 𑀣 tha /t̪ʰ/ 𑀤 da /d̪/ 𑀥 dha /d̪ʱ/ 𑀦 na /n/
𑀧 pa /p/ 𑀨 pha /pʰ/ 𑀩 ba /b/ 𑀪 bha /bʱ/ 𑀫 ma /m/
𑀬 ya /j/ 𑀯 va /w, ʋ/ 𑀭 ra /r/ 𑀮 la /l/
𑀰 śa /ɕ/ 𑀱 ṣa /ʂ/ 𑀲 sa /s/ 𑀳 ha /ɦ/

Aschoka Kalsi Rock Edict in a form of Prakrit

𑀇𑀬𑀁 𑀥𑀁𑀫 𑀮𑀺𑀧𑀺 𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀁𑀧𑀺𑀬𑁂𑀦 (𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀁𑀧𑀺𑀬𑁂𑀦𑀸)
𑀧𑀺𑀬𑀤𑀲𑀺𑀦𑀸 𑀆 (𑀮𑁂𑀔𑀺𑀢𑀸)


Iyaṃ dhaṃma lipi Devānaṃpiyenā
Piyadas(i)nā
(lekhit)ā (h)idā no kichi jive ālabhitu pajohitaviye no pi cā samāje kaṭaviye bahukā hi dosā samājasā Devānaṃpiye Piyadasī lājā dakhati athi pi cā ekatiyā samājā sādhumatā Devānaṃpiyasā Piydasisā lājine

This rescript on morality has been caused to be written by Devanampriya Priyadarsin. Here no living being must be killed and sacrificed. And also no festival meeting must be held. For king Devanampriya Priyadarsin sees much evil in festival meetings. And there are also some festival meetings which are considered meritorious by king Devanampriya Priyadarsin.
Detheer reskript auer moraalisk grünjsatser as faan Devanampriya Priyadarsin leet wurden, skrewen tu wurden. Heer mut nian leweweesen ambroocht of oofert wurd.

from [1]

Bi a began
faan’t wurd
ISO IPA Teeken Ka ISO IPA Bi a began
faan’t wurd
ISO IPA Teeken Ka ISO IPA
a /aː/ (nian) ka /ka/ ā /aː/ കാ /kaː/
i /i/ ി കി ki /ki/ ī /iː/ കീ /kiː/
u /u/ കു ku /ku/ ū /uː/ കൂ /kuː/
/rɨ/ കൃ kr̥ /krɨ/ r̥̄ /rɨː/ കൄ kr̥̄ /krɨː/
/lɨ/ കൢ kl̥ /klɨ/ l̥̄ /lɨː/ കൣ kl̥̄ /klɨː/
e /e/ കെ ke /ke/ ē /eː/ കേ /keː/
ai /ai̯/ കൈ kai /kai̯/
o /o/ കൊ ko /ko/ ō /oː/ കോ /koː/
au /au̯/ കൗ kau /kau̯/

Tibeetisk Skraft

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Teeken IPA Teeken IPA Teeken IPA Teeken IPA
/ka/ /kʰa/ /ga/ /ŋa/
/tʃa/ /tʃʰa/ /dʒa/ /ɲa/
/ta/ /tʰa/ /da/ /na/
/pa/ /pʰa/ /ba/ /ma/
/tsa/ /tsʰa/ /dza/ /wa/
/ʒa/ /za*/ /ʼa/ /ja/
/ra/ /la/ /ʃa/ /sa/
/ha/ /a/
Bi a began
faan’t wurd
Teeken IPA ka IPA Bispal
- /a/ /ka/ ལྷ་ས
Lhasa Lhasa
ཨི /i/ ཀི /ki/ གཅིག
gcig ian
ཨུ /u/ ཀུ /ku/ གསུམ
gsum trii
ཨེ /e/ ཀེ /ke/ གསེར
gser gul
ཨོ /o/ ཀོ /ko/ བོད
Bod Tibeet
Teeken ISO IPA Teeken ISO IPA Teeken ISO IPA Teeken ISO IPA Teeken ISO IPA
ka /k/ kha /kʰ/ ga /ɡ/ gha /ɡʱ/ ṅa /ŋ/
ca /tʃ/ cha /tʃʰ/ ja /dʒ/ jha /dʒʱ/ ña /ɲ/
ṭa /ʈ/ ṭha /ʈʰ/ ḍa /ɖ/ ḍha /ɖʱ/ ṇa /ɳ/
ta /t̪/ tha /t̪ʰ/ da /d̪/ dha /d̪ʱ/ na /n/
pa /p/ pha /pʰ/ ba /b/ bha /bʱ/ ma /m/
ya /j/ ra /ɾ/ la /l/ va /ʋ/
śa /ʃ/ ṣa /ʂ/ sa /s/ ha /ɦ/ ḷa /ɭ/
Bi a began
faan’t wurd
Teeken IAST IPA Mä ... ka IAST IPA Bi a began
faan’t wurd
Teeken IAST IPA Mä ... ka IAST IPA
(nian) a /ə/ ka /pə/ ā /a:/ का /ka:/
ि i /i/ कि ki /ki/ ī /i:/ की /ki:/
u /u/ कु ku /ku/ ū /u:/ कू /ku:/
/r̥/ कृ kṛ /kr̥/ /r̥:/ कॄ kṝ /kr̥:/
/l̥/ कॢ kḷ /kl̥/ /l̥̄/ कॣ kḹ /kl̥̄/
e /e:/ के ke /ke:/ ai /æː/ कै kai /kæː/
o /o:/ को ko /ko:/ au /ɔː/ कौ kau /kɔː/
/.../ पं paṃ /p.../
/.../ पः paḥ /p.../
/.../ पॅ /p.../

Tamil Skraft

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Teeken ISO IPA Teeken ISO IPA
ka /k/, /ɡ/, /x/, /ɣ/, /h/, /ɦ/ ṅa /ŋ/
ca /t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/, /ʃ/, /s/, /ʒ/, /z/ ña /ɲ/
ṭa /ʈ/, /ɖ/, /ɽ/ ṇa /ɳ/
ta /t̪/, /d̪/, /ð/, /θ/ na /n̪/
pa /p/, /b/, /β/, /ɸ/ ma /m/
ya /j/ ra /ɾ/
la /l/ va /ʋ/
ḻa /ɻ/ ḷa /ɭ/
ṟa /r/, /t/, /d/ ṉa /n/
Cherokee Skraft
a- [a] e- [e] i- [i] o- [o] u- [u] v- [ə̃]
-
g-
h-
l-
m-
n-
qu-
s-
d-
t- nian
tl-
ts-
w-
y-

öler:

  • Ꭷ: ka
  • Ꮏ: hna
  • Ꮐ: nah
  • Ꮝ: s
  • Ꮬ: dla

Mandschu Skraft

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Wokaalen[1]
Tiaken Awskriiwing IPA Bispalen
alian Began Maden Aanj
ᠠ᠊ ᠊ᠠ᠊ ᠊ᠠ a [a] ᠠᠮᠠ (ama) "aatj"
᠊ᠠ᠋
ᡝ᠊ ᠊ᡝ᠊ ᠊ᡝ e [ə] ᡝᠮᡝ (eme) "mam"
‍ᡝ᠋
ᡳ᠊ ᠊ᡳ᠊ ᠊ᡳ i [i] ᡳ (i) "hi" of "hat"
᠊ᡳ᠋᠊ ᠊ᡳ᠋
ᠣ᠊ ᠊ᠣ᠊ ᠊ᠣ o [ɔ] ᠣᡶᠣᡵᠣ (oforo) "nöös"
᠊ᠣ᠋
ᡠ᠊ ᠊ᡠ᠊ ᠊ᡠ u [u] ᡠᠵᡠ (uju) "hood"
??
ᡡ᠊ ᠊ᡡ᠊ ᠊ᡡ ū/uu/v [ʊ]
᠊ᡟ᠊ ᠊ᡟ y/y/i' [ɨ]
ᡳᠣᡳ ᡳᠣᡳ᠊ ᠊ᡳᠣᡳ᠊ ᠊ᡳᠣᡳ ioi [y]
Consonants[2]
Tiaken Amskriiwing IPA Bispalen
Began Maden Aanj
ᠨ᠊ ᠊ᠨ᠊[3] ᠊ᠨ n [n]
᠊ᠨ᠋᠊[4]
- ᠊ᠩ᠊ ᠊ᠩ ng [ŋ]
ᡴ᠊ ᠊ᡴ᠊[5] ᠊ᡴ k [qʰ]
᠊ᡴ᠋᠊[6]
() ᠊ᡴ᠌᠊ ᠊ᡴ᠋ k [kʰ]
ᡤ᠊ ᠊ᡤ᠊ g [q]
g [k]
ᡥ᠊ ᠊ᡥ᠊ h [χ] 1865
h [x] This form is used after e, i, u.
ᠪ᠊ ᠊ᠪ᠊ ᠊ᠪ b [p] 182A
ᡦ᠊ ᠊ᡦ᠊ p [pʰ] 1866
ᠰ᠊ ᠊ᠰ᠊ ᠊ᠰ s [s], [ɕ] before [i] 1830
ᡧ᠊ ᠊ᡧ᠊ š [ʃ], [ɕ] before [i] 1867
ᡨ᠋᠊ ᠊ᡨ᠋᠊ t [tʰ] 1868

First initial and medial forms are used before a, o, i;
second medial form is used before consonants;
third medial forms are used before e, u, ū

᠊ᡨ᠌᠊ ᠊ᡨ
ᡨ᠌᠊ ᠊ᡨ᠍᠊
ᡩ᠊ ᠊ᡩ᠊ d [t] 1869

First initial and medial forms are used before a, o, i;
second initial and medial forms are used before e, u, ū

ᡩ᠋᠊ ᠊ᡩ᠋᠊
ᠯ᠊ ᠊ᠯ᠊ ᠊ᠯ l [l] 182F Initial and final forms usually exist in foreign words.
ᠮ᠊ ᠊ᠮ᠊ ᠊ᠮ m [m] 182E
ᠴ᠊ ᠊ᠴ᠊ c/ch/č/q [t͡ʃʰ], [t͡ɕʰ] before [i] 1834
ᠵ᠊ ᠊ᠵ᠊ j/zh/ž [t͡ʃ], [t͡ɕ] before [i] 1835
ᠶ᠊ ᠊ᠶ᠊ y [j] 1836
ᡵ᠊ ᠊ᡵ᠊ ᠊ᡵ r [r] 1875 Initial and final forms exist mostly in foreign words.
ᡶ‍ ‍ᡶ‍ f [f] 1876 First initial and medial forms are used before a e;

second initial and medial forms are used before i o u ū

ᡶ᠋‍ ‍ᡶ᠋‍
ᠸ᠊ ᠊ᠸ᠊ v (w) [w], [v-] 1838
ᠺ᠊ ᠊ᠺ᠊ k'/kk/k῾/k’ [kʰ] 183A Used for Chinese k [kʰ]. Used before a, o.
ᡬ᠊ ᠊ᡬ᠊ g'/gg/ǵ/g’ [k] 186C Used for Chinese g [k]. Used before a, o.
ᡭ᠊ ᠊ᡭ᠊ h'/hh/h́/h’ [x] 186D Used in Chinese h [x]. Used before a, o.
ᡮ᠊ ᠊ᡮ᠊ ts'/c/ts῾/c [tsʰ] 186E Used in Chinese c [t͡sʰ].
ᡯ᠊ ᠊ᡯ᠊ dz/z/dz/z [t͡s] 186F Used in Chinese z [t͡s].
ᡰ᠊ ᠊ᡰ᠊ ž/rr/ž/r’ [ʐ]
ᡱ᠊ ᠊ᡱ᠊ c'/ch/c῾/c’ [tʂʰ]
ᡷ᠊ ᠊ᡷ᠊ j/zh/j̊/j’ [tʂ]
  1. Gorelova, L: "Manchu Grammar", page 59. Brill, 2002.
  2. Gorelova, L: "Manchu Grammar", page 70. Brill, 2002.
  3. Föör wokaalen
  4. Föör konsonanten
  5. Föör a, o, an ū
  6. Föör konsonanten